The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act - 2036 Words

Domestic Surveillance Citizens feeling protected in their own nation is a crucial factor for the development and advancement of that nation. The United States’ government has been able to provide this service for a small tax and for the most part it is money well spent. Due to events leading up to the terrifying attacks on September 11, 2001 and following these attacks, the Unites States’ government has begun enacting certain laws and regulations that ensure the safety of its citizens. From the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) of 1978 to the most recent National Security Agency scandal, the government has attempted and for the most part succeeded in keeping domestic safety under control. Making sure that the balance between†¦show more content†¦This act makes a significant amount of amendments to the FISA act one of which is Title II which is titled â€Å"Enhanced Surveillance Procedures.† While the FISA act targeted only non-US citizens for â€Å"foreign intelligence information†, this act allows the collection of foreign intelligence information from US citizens as well. One section which raises a brow is section 215 of the Patriot Act which grants the FBI permission to ask the FISA court to â€Å"compel the sharing of books, business documents, tax records, library check-out-lists,† and pretty much any tangible thing, â€Å"as part of a foreign intelligence or international terrorism investigation.† Upon further reading of this section it becomes evident fairly quickly that these â€Å"required† materials can include purely domestic records. Of course, if one has nothing to hide then one need to fear this act since it is geared towards non-US and US citizens suspected of being affiliated with a foreign power; but later acts seem to notion that perhaps the United States government is not only concerned with terrorist groups but rather all information of its citizens and residents which can build patterned profiles. Under George W. Bush’s term, and shortly after the attacks of September 11th 2001, both the President’s Surveillance Program and the Terrorist Surveillance Program have been brought under scrutiny. Each of the programs authorizes the National Security Agency (NSA) by executive order to monitor phone calls,Show MoreRelatedThe Pros and Cons of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act 856 Words   |  4 Pageselectronic surveillance remains one of the most effective tools the United States has to protect against foreign powers and groups seeking to inflict harm on the nation, but it does not go without a few possessing a few negative aspects either. Electronic surveillance of foreign intelligence has likely saved the lives of many innocent people through prevention of potential acts of aggression towards the United States. There are many pros to the actions authorized under the Foreign Intelligence SurveillanceRead MoreThe Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: Analysis, Pros and Cons1767 Words   |  8 PagesTHE FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT: ANALYSIS, PROS AND CONS INTRODUCTION The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) is an Act of Congress passed in 1978 and signed by the then President Jimmy Carter. The Act stipulates the procedures to be followed when obtaining intelligence from foreign powers and agents of foreign powers both physically and electronically. The Act has been amended severally. In 2001, it was amended to involve groups and terrorist organizations not supported by foreignRead MoreThe Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Essay795 Words   |  4 PagesThe Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) was created by Congress in the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) of 1978. The role of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court is to provide judicial oversight of Intelligence Community activities in a classified setting. It is composed of federal judges appointed by the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. The decisions of the court can be reviewed by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review (FIS CR) and theRead MoreA Study of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act1503 Words   |  6 Pages FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVILLANCE ACT This act was created in 1978. It proposes methods for gaining judicial permission in order to carry out physical and technological search for a person, who might be a terrorist threat for USA, on behalf of a foreign power. In 1970, a man named Christopher H. Pyle discovered that the US army intelligence had hired 1500 officers whose job was to spy on protest or public demonstration that involved more than 20 people. This shocking news immediately capturedRead MoreWiretapping And The Fourth Amendment Rights Of Criminals1559 Words   |  7 Pageswiretapped conversations now required a warrant, and could not be set up without one. This theoretically stopped surveillance of non-criminals, but in practice, the Nixon administration still abused this power. June 19, 1968- First Law to Restrict Wiretapping Ability of the Government. October 25, 1978- FISA ( Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act) passed The FISA act set limits of surveillance after it was exposed that the government wiretapped activists, such as MLK, and after President Nixon’s administrationRead MoreDomestic Surveillance During The United States1474 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Surveillance in the Unites States has been going on for decades without the public s knowledge. Domestic Surveillance didn t seem important in the eye of the American government. After the September attacks (9/11) congress started to treat Domestic Surveillance as a number one priority. After September 11th Congress passed a law to use military force for those responsible for the attacks in New York, NY. The go ahead with using military force did not give the President to use surveillanceRead MoreThe Controversy Over U.S. Domestic Surveillance1391 Words   |  6 Pageswithout a warrant. This proved to be illegal since the 1978 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act states that the government is prohibited from eavesdropping inside the United States without first getting a warrant from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISA court). In order to counteract the issues he had caused, on October 26, 2001 Bush signed the Patriot Act; a law that would expand the government’s electronic surveillance powers. After signing this law Bush stated, â€Å"The existing lawRead MoreThe Piracy of Privacy901 Words   |  4 Pagesthis can only be told through time. During the Cold War, at the height of the ‘Red Scare’ FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover conducted mass clandestine operations on US citizens. â€Å"Even before he became director of the FBI, Hoover was conducting secret intelligence operations against U.S. citizens he suspected were anarchists, radical leftists or communists.† (NPR) The specifics of these programs were not completely released to Congress or even the Supreme Court for rulings and oversight. Many politiciansRead MoreSharing Is Not Always Caring1406 Words   |  6 PagesCourt case of United States v. United States District Court shows an instance where governing officials, an Attorney General, decided that unwarranted electronic surveillance was necessary to spy on another American citizen that was â€Å"accused† of committing and act of domestic terrorism on a building belonging to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Without actual evidence, the courts felt that the citizen was protected under the Fourth Amendment. Later, during the Nixon administration, the incidentRead MoreThe End Of The Second World War1130 Words   |  5 Pagesdefend themselves from another surprise attack. Therefore, they formed the Armed Forces Agency. This agency was also short-lived, by 1952 the Armed Forces Agency had lost governmental trust because they rejected communications with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and other federal agencies. Longing for a structured security agency that would be able to break the code systems used by opposing forces, President Harry Truman established the National Security Agency on November 2, 1952 (Plethrons

The Stranger Character Analysis - 738 Words

The Stranger: Representation of the Setting In Camus’s novel, The Stranger, Camus uses the elements of setting to shows that human’s action and emotion are influenced by the physical world. For example, the sun at Manan’s funeral that makes Meursault hard to see and think. The heat that forces him to murder. And the light in the courtroom that makes him tire. The weather and the surroundings in the novel controls Meursault’s emotions, making him angry, sleepy or happy. By the uses of setting, and elements of setting, such as the sun and the heat, Camus illustrates the physical world is taking over the inner feelings of individuals by influencing their actions and emotions. We are introduced to the novel by the death of Maman. Camus†¦show more content†¦Similarly, Camus demonstrates how the weather can affect individual’s thinking. While Meursault was in the examining magistrate after the murder, Meursault was introduced to his lawyer in the afternoon. Camus described the room as â₠¬Å"very hot†, where the room was â€Å"filled with sunlight barely softened by a flimsy curtain.† (Camus 66) When the sunlight shining into the office, Meursault was unable to focus, and he was â€Å"repeating the same story over and over.† (Camus 67) By repeating over and over again under the pressure of heat, Camus suggested the feeling of annoyed. Camus uses the heat to set a constant reminder that Meursault is a man who does not have his own feelings. Rather, is a man who can be controlled by the surroundings. Camus uses the setting of sun, heat and weather to demonstrates that there is a separation between the physical world and the emotional world, in which people are aware of their surroundings, but slowly forgotten their own feelings. Camus included the death of Maman to shows that even though Meursault and Maman cares about each other, but when the heat is presented, the heat will override the feelings between the mother and son. Accordingly, the presenc e of the murder, which shows how Meursault was controlled by the weather under the hot sun. Meursault unintendedly walked towards the Arab just to cool off. Meursault also acts differently accordingly to the lighting and weather in the cell.Show MoreRelatedThe Stranger Character Analysis1634 Words   |  7 PagesThe Stranger by Albert Camus follows the story of a man named Meursault, who received notice that his mother had passed away. Meursault was not emotionally connected to his mother, and his reaction is not what the reader would expect, as he did not seem to care at all. Therefore, the day after attending his mother’s funeral, Meursault goes to the beach and meets up with his girlfriend, Marie. After the beach, Meursault and Marie go to a movie and spend the night together. When he returns home fromRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Meusault in The Stranger637 Words   |  3 PagesThe main character in The Stranger, Meursault is mentally not attached to the world. He is u nable to decipher good or bad in his actions. The passing of his mother has no effect on him or a girl’s continuous proposal whom he is very attracted too, also, he murders a man for no apparent reason and does not see anything wrong in doing so. Meursault is seen as a careless monster too society. At the beginning of this story Meursault is told his mother has passed away. After hearing the news, MeursaultRead MoreTitle and Character Analysis of The Stranger by Albert Camus784 Words   |  3 PagesThe Stranger: Character and Title Analysis In Albert Camus’, The Stranger, the characters in the novel are individually unique in ways that bring out the positive and negative aspects of each other. When examining their traits you get the deeper meaning of things and what they stand for. The major characters in this novel are Meursault, Raymond Sintes, and Marie Cardona. Meursault shows no emotion through everything that goes on in his life such as a death. Raymond Sintes is a rude person and onlyRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Meursault In The Novel The Stranger752 Words   |  4 Pages Albert Camus in his novel, The Stranger, shows a genuinely interesting character, Meursault. In the beginning Meursault is depicted to appear as unethical and cruel, through him not showing no grief at his mother’s funeral. However, Camus, throughout the story builds up a considerably more engaging character that portrays more human-like emotions. At the end, Meursault character changes because he leaves off with a sympathetic feel towards him and is left off with thoughtful reflections and revelationsRead MoreThings Fall Apart, And The Heart Of Darkness1518 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The following essay will contain a critical analysis of two passages from Things Fall Apart, and the Heart of Darkness. I will compare and contrast the narrative structure, the language used and the themes explored. Through this critical analysis, we can gain a better understanding of the two extracts, each one helping to illuminate the other. The passages I will be analysing are: Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe, Page 124 Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad, Page 116-117 Narrative StructureRead MoreThe Individual Versus His Environment in The Stranger and Grendel1674 Words   |  7 Pages The Individual Versus His Environment in The Stranger and Grendel Due to the multifaceted nature of literature, analysis thereof is prone to generalization. One of the most grievous generalizations oft encountered involves failing to distinguish between a character and the novel it inhabits. Take John Gardener’s Grendel and Albert Camus’s The Stranger, for instance. It’s far too easy, when analyzing for dominant ideologies, to slap them both with the label of existentialism and be done withRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1411 Words   |  6 Pagesstructures of the celebrated authors around her time period. She did this by empowering her main character, Victor Frankenstein, with the enlightenment values of individualism and self exploration; only in a very pessimistic and gloomy way. Through careful analysis of quotes from Mary Shelley s frankenstein from a psychoanalytic view we can reveal some of mary Shelley s true motives in how she designed her characters. Psychology is all about finding motives. It’s all about finding out why people thinkRead More The Stranger Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesWhile reading The Stranger I noticed that traits that Albert Camus character depicts in the book are closely related to the theories of Sigmund Freud on moral human behavior. Albert Camus portrays his character of Meursault as a numb, emotionless person that seems to mindlessly play out his role in society, acting in a manner that he sees as the way he’s supposed to act, always living in the moment with his instincts driving him, and if the right circumstance presents itself the primal deep seededRead MoreCrime and Punishment vs. The Stranger1438 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the novels Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky and The Stranger by Albert Camus, sun, heat, and light play a significant role in the development and understanding of the novel and the characters in it. Upon the initial reading of The Stranger, the rea der may have a general acknowledgment of a relationship between the novel’s protagonist, Mersault, and the sun and heat, either proceeding or following one of the novels significant events. What is harder to understand on the first readRead MoreGender Roles In Alfred Hitchcocks Rear Window And Strangers On A Train1232 Words   |  5 Pageslives for quite sometime. Women are often portrayed as sexual objects, or delicate individuals; a body with no brain or strength. These traits are easily found within many novels and movies- old and new. In Alfred Hitchcock’s films, Rear Window and Strangers on a Train, Hitchcock begins his films representing women with the same characteristics as stated above. They are very stylish, attractive and presented as second-class individuals to males. But after examining these two films, Hitchcock does something

Azzzz Free Essays

Caribbean Tourism Legislation Database CONTENTS Pages INTRODUCTION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2-3 Background and Purpose Content Structure How to Use the Database Acknowledgments I. COUNTRY-BY-COUNTRY LISTING †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4-31 II. LISTING BY SUBJECT AREA †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 32-51 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Azzzz or any similar topic only for you Order Now Institutional Framework of Tourism 2. Tourist Accommodation Establishments 3. Development Incentives 4. Regulation and Control of Tourism Industry 5. Tourism Taxation 6. Tourism and Environment 7. Travel/Tours, Sports, Entertainment . Air and Sea Transport 9. Casinos/Gaming INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This Caribbean Tourism Legislation Database is intended primarily as a service to CTO members, although clearly it will also be of assistance to the numerous academic institutions and individual researchers who make use of the Organization’s Documentation Centre. It is meant to serve as a ready and easy-to-use reference source on regional tourism legislation available at CTO Headquarters for consultation. The need to compile such a database arose from CTO’s ongoing work programme activities, notably in the area of product development, and the increasing requests for examples of tourism-related legislative enactments made by member countries in recent times. CONTENT The present first edition of the database contains 187 pieces of tourism-related legislation from 20 member countries. It is not a complete coverage of all CTO member countries; nor is it a full compendium of tourism legislation in the Caribbean. But it is perhaps the largest collection of its kind and, to that extent, it is also a unique resource. More importantly, this first edition represents the beginning of an ongoing process of collection and systematic and user-friendly compilation of tourism legislation. Thus, the database will expand as more items are incorporated into it. Regular updates of this publication will inform members and other users. In its present initial form the database is in a document rather than a database format. It does however lend itself easily for inclusion in due course in the CTO Database System, which is currently under preparation. STRUCTURE The database has been structured with a view to providing a quick and easy overview of its contents. It comprises two main listings. The first listing presents all legislation by country in alphabetical order. Here entries are given with full details and a brief annotation. The following is a typical example: The Anguilla Tourist Board Ordinance, 1993. (No. 16 of 1993) An Ordinance to provide for the establishment of a statutory authority known as the Anguilla Tourist Board for the encouragement, promotion and development of tourist traffic to Anguilla, for adequate and efficient tourist services for Anguilla and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. The second main listing regroups and classifies the available items under nine different subject areas. These subject areas are the following: 1)Institutional Framework of Tourism 2)Tourist Accommodation Establishments 3)Development Incentives 4)Regulation and Control of Tourism Industry 5)Tourism Taxation 6)Tourism and Environment 7)Travel/Tours, Sports, Entertainment 8)Air and Sea Transport 9)Casinos/Gaming. Items under this subject listing are again presented by country in alphabetical order. Entries under this listing are abbreviated. For example, under â€Å"Institutional Framework of Tourism† and under Anguilla, the above item is shown as follows. The Anguilla Tourist Board Ordinance, 1993. (No. 16 of 1993) Due to the close affinity between certain subject areas, on the one hand, and the multi-purpose nature of certain legislative items, on the other hand, a certain amount of overlap and duplication of entries occurs under these subject area listings. As the database grows, it may well lend itself to further subject area classification and, if necessary, overall restructuring in the future. HOW TO USE THE DATABASE It is clear from the above outline of the structure and organisation of the database that use of it is fairly easy. Depending on what one may be looking for, one may refer to either the main country-by-country listing, or the appropriate subject area. A certain amount of cross-referring may also be necessary and useful. The required item(s) may then be consulted at the CTO Documentation Centre or copies may be forwarded to members. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CTO wishes to thank those member countries that have made available copies of tourism-related legislation for the purpose of this database. The assistance of Ms Heather Waithe, CTO Library Officer, in assembling the various items and compiling the database is gratefully acknowledged. JOHN YACOUMIS PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT ADVISER REGIONAL TOURISM PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION I. COUNTRY-BY-COUNTRY LISTING ANGUILLA 1)Accommodation Tax Ordinance, 1973. (No7 of 1973) An Ordinance to levy a tax on the amounts payable by visitors for accommodation and meals in Anguilla and matters incidental thereto. 2)The Accommodation Tax (Amendment) Ordinance, 1985. (No. 1 of 1985) )The Anguilla Tourist Board Ordinance, 1993. (No. 16 of 1993) An Ordinance to provide for the establishment of a statutory authority known as the Anguilla Tourist Board for the encouragement, promotion and development of tourist traffic to Anguilla, for adequate and efficient tourist services for Anguilla and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. ARUBA National Ordinance of November 26, 1953 for the Promotion of Industrial Establishments and Hotel Construction (Publication Sheet 1953 No. 194) as amended BAHAMAS 1) The Promotion of Tourism Act, No. 49 of 1963. Chapter 13. Revised Edition 1965. An Act to provide means for increasing and developing facilities for tourism and to promote measures for attracting tourists to the colony. 2) The Hotels Encouragement Act, 1954, with subsequent amendments. Chapter 304. An Act to encourage the construction of hotels in the colony by providing for the refund of customs duties and emergency taxes and certain other concessions, and for the exemption of such hotels from certain taxation, and to relieve existing hotels from certain taxation. 3)The Hotels Encouragement (Amendment) Act, 1965. No. 59 of 1965. An Act to further amend the Hotels Encouragement Act, Ch. 341. 4) The Hotels Encouragement (Amendment) Act. No. 5 of 1966. An Act to further amend the Hotels Encouragement Act, Ch. 341. 5) The Hotels Act, 1970. An Act to make provision for the licensing of and the regulation and improvement of standards in hotels; for the imposition of an hotel guest tax; and for matters connected with or incidental to those purposes. 6)The Hotels Encouragement Regulations, 1971. Supplement. 7) The Hotels Regulations, 1971. S. I. No. 8 of 1971. Issued under the Hotels Act, 1970. 8)The Water Skiing and Motor Boat Control Act, 1970. No. 16 of 1970. An Act for the more effective control of Water Skiing and the Driving of Motor Boats in coastal waters. 9) The Lotteries and Gaming Act, 1969. No. 8 of 1969. An Act to regulate Lotteries and Gaming and for matter connected therewith or incidental thereto. 10) The Lotteries and Gaming (Amendment) Act, 1971. No. 1 of 1971. An Act to amend the Lotteries and Gaming Act, 1969. 11)The Lotteries and Gaming (Amendment) Act, 1972. No. 2 of 1972. An Act to amend the Lotteries and Gaming Act, 1969. 12)The Lotteries and Gaming (Amendment) Act, 1974. No. 13 of 1974. An Act to amend the Lotteries and Gaming Act, 1969. 13) The Lotteries and Gaming (Amendment) Act, 1978. No. 3 of 1978. An act to amend the Lotteries and Gaming Act, 1969. 14) Cruise Ships (Overnighting Incentives) Act, 1995. An Act to make provision for the grant of concessions for the purpose of encouraging the development of tourism in The Bahamas, and for related matters. 15)The Hotel Corporation of the Bahamas Act, 1974. No. 20 of 1974. An Act to provide for the establishment of The Hotel Corporation of the Bahamas, for the functions of the Corporation and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. BARBADOS 1) Barbados Tourism Authority Act, 1993 (No. 1 of 1993) An Act to provide for the establishment of the Barbados Tourism Authority and the Tourism Advisory Council and for related matters. 2)Barbados Tourism Authority Act, 1995. (No. 15 of 1995) An Act to revise the Barbados Tourism Authority Act, 1993. 3)Hotels, Apartments and Guest Houses (Registration and Classification) Regulations, 1982. S. I. 1982 No. 160. Made under section 12 of the Barbados Board of Tourism Act, Ch. 342. 4)Hotel Aids Act, 1967. Ch. 72. An Act to consolidate and revise the law relating to the encouragement of the development of hotels and for matters incidental thereto and connected therewith. 5) Suggested Minimum Requirements for Granting of Concessions to Hotels/Guesthouses. Issued by the National Development Corporation under the Hotel Aids Act. Hotel Proprietors Act, 1975. Ch. 309. An Act to regulate the liability of Hotel Proprietors for loss of or damage to property brought by guests to hotels and to provide for related matters. ) Hotel and Restaurants (Sales Tax) Act, 1974. An Act to provide for the imposition of tax on the proceeds of the letting of hotel accommodation and sale of food and beverages in hotels and restaurants and for commercial purposes. 8)The Hotel and Restaurants (Rate of Tax) Order, 1977. Made under section 4 of the Hotels and Restaurants (Sales Tax) Act, 1974. Hotels and Restaurants (Sales Tax) Amendment Act, 1978. An Act to amend the Hotels and Restaurants (Sales Tax) Act, 1974. Hotels and Restaurants (Sales Tax) (Amendment Act), 1980. An Act to amend the Hotels and Restaurants (Sales Tax) Act Health Services Act, 1969. Ch. 44. An Act relating to the promotion and preservation of the health of the inhabitants of Barbados. Subsidiary legislation shown under 12 to 19 made under section 10 of this principal Act. 12)Health Services (Food Hygiene) Regulations, 1969. Ch. 44. 13)Health Services (Hotels) Regulations, 1969. Ch. 44. 14)Health Services (Restaurants) Regulations, 1969. Ch. 44. Health Services (Building) Regulations, 1969. Ch. 44. Health Services (Lodging Houses and Barracks) Regulations, 1970. Ch. 44. Health Services (Swimming Pools) Regulations, 1970. Ch. 44. Health Services (Amendment) Act, 1995-4. Minor Offences Act, 1998-1. An Act to revise the law in relation to certain minor offences. Deals inter alia with harassment. National Conservation Commission Act, 1982. Ch. 393. An Act to revise and consolidate the law relating to public parks, beaches and caves and related matters and to make provision for the conservation of sites and buildings of national interest. Travel Services Act, 1983. Ch. 373A. An Act to provide for the registration and control of persons providing travel services and for related matters. Travel Services (Fees) Order, 1983. Ch. 373A. Issued under the Travel Services Act of 1983. Travel Services Regulations, 1983. Made under section 27 of the Travel Services Act, 1983. Deals with the licensing and registration of travel agents and tour operators Barbados Port Authority (Water Sports) Regulations, 1990 Made under the Barbados Port Authority Act, Ch. 285B. Deals with registration, inspection, licensing, insurance, safety and related issues. Condominium Act, 1971. Ch. 224A. An Act to facilitate the division of properties into parts that are to be owned individually and parts that are to be owned in common and to provide for the use and management of such properties. Road Traffic (Amendment) Regulations, 1990. S. I. 1990 No. 128. Made under section 124(1) of the Road Traffic Act. Ch. 295. Regulates taxi fares. Road Traffic Regulations, 1984. Ch. 295. Parts VIII -IX. Provisions relating to hackney carriages, taxis, maxi-taxis, hired cars and contract carriages. Registration of Business Names Act, 140. Ch.. 317. An Act to provide for the registration of firms and persons carrying on business under business names and for related matters. Incorporates amendments up to 1988. Profession, Trade and Business Registration Act, 1979. Ch. 373. An Act to make provision for the registration of persons exercising or engaging in any profession, trade, business or calling and to provide for related matters. Incorporates amendments up to 1990. Profession, Trade and Business Registration Order, 1992. Made under section 13(a) of the Profession, Trade and Business Registration Act. Beach Protection Act, 1890. Ch. 389. An act to consolidate the Acts relating to the taking and carrying away of sand from certain parts of the beach. Incorporates subsequent amendments, viz. 1958-33, 1958-55, 1966-5, L. N. 168/1967, 1975-18 (REPEALED). Cultivation of Trees Act, 1951. Ch. 390. An Act for promoting the cultivation of trees, and for purposes in connection therewith. Marine Areas (Preservation and Enhancement) Act, 1976. Ch. 392. An Act for the preservation and protection of the marine life in certain submarine areas of Barbados and for the establishment of underwater parks and art centres in connection therewith (REPEALED). Wild Birds Protection Act, 1907. Ch. 398. An Act relating to the protection of certain wild birds. Incorporates miscellaneous amendments, i. e. 1952,1958,1978. L. N. 168/1967. The Civil Aviation (Air Navigation) Regulations, 1984. Made under section 28 of the Civil Aviation Act, 1983. (Act 1983-31) Barbados Port Authority (Tariff Book Of Dues and Charges) Regulations, 1987. Made under section 66 of the Barbados Port Authority Act. (S. I. 1987 No. 166) Barbados Port Authority (Water Sports) Regulations, 1990. S. I. 1990 No. 44. Made under the Barbados Port Authority Act, Ch. 285B. Barbados Investment and Development Corporation Act, 1992. ( No. 30 of 1992) An Act to provide for the establishment of a corporation for the purpose of developing Barbados’ industrial, offshore financial, export and other related activities. 9) Statistics. Chapter 192 An Act to provide for the taking of censuses and for the collection, compilation, analysis and publication of certain statistical information and for other matters relating thereto. 40)Parks and Beaches Commission Act, Chapter 233A. (1970-12) An Act to provide for the control, maintenance and development of the public parks and beaches of Barbados 41) The Parks a nd Beaches Regulations, 1974. Made under the Parks and Beaches Commission Act, 1970. 42) Parks and Beaches Commission (Amendment) Act, (1974-23) An Act to amend the Parks and Beaches Commission Act, 1970. 43) Parks and Beaches Commission (Amendment) Act, (1978-46) An Act to amend the Parks and Beaches Commission Act, 1970. 44) Trees (Preservation) Act. Chapter 397. (December 1981) An Act to provide for the preservation of trees, 1981-49. BELIZE 1)Belize Tourist Board (Tourist Guide) Regulations, 1992. Statutory Instrument No. 130 of 1992. Regulations made by the Belize Tourist Board in exercise of the powers conferred upon it by section 15 of the Belize Tourist Board Act, (No. of 1990) and all other powers thereunto it enabling and approved by the Minister responsible for Tourism. 2)Belize Tourist Board (Tour Guide) Regulations, 1994. Statutory Instrument No. 80 of 1994 Regulations made by the Belize Tourist Board in exercise of the powers conferred upon it by section 15 of the Belize Tourist Board Act, Chapter 232A of the Laws of Belize, Revised Edition 1980-1990, and all other powers thereunto it enabling and approved by th e Minister responsible for Tourism. Repeals S. I. 130/92. 3)Hotels and Tourist Accommodation Act, 1997. No. 12 0f 1997. An Act to make new provisions to regulate the operation and management of hotels; to provide for the regulation of tourist accommodation; to repeal the hotels Act, Chapter 228 of the Laws of Belize, Revised Edition 1980-90; and to provide for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. 4)Hotels and Tourist Accommodation (Minimum Registration, Licensing and Operating Requirements) Regulations, 1999. Regulations made by the Minister of Tourism in exercise of the powers conferred upon him by section 14 as read with section 31 of the Hotels and Tourist Accommodation Act (No. 12 of 1997), and all other powers thereunto him enabling. )1st Schedule: Minimum Requirements for the Registration of Hotels and Resorts b) 2nd Schedule: Minimum Requirements for the Registration of Apartments, Condominiums Villas c) 3rd Schedule: Minimum Requirements for the Registration of Guest Houses, Lodges and Inns d) 4th Schedule: Minimum Requirements for the Registration of Community Based Tourism Est ablishments e) 5th Schedule: Minimum Requirements for the Registration of Camp Sites Belize Tourist Board, Agreement for Operating a Liveaboard Passenger Vessel (Class II- Vessels ten (10) and above and above passenger capacity). Belize Tourist Board, Environmental Compliance Plan for Liveaboard Passenger Vessels (Class II). Prepared by: The Department of the Environment in conjunction with The Fisheries Department – Belize Tourist Board. Revised June 1998. *7)Belize Tourist Board (Local Water and Passenger and Watersports Vessels) Regulations,2000 *8)Brochure to facilitate the implementation of the retired persons program under the retired persons (incentives) Act (No. 11 of 1999) *9)Belize Tourist Board (Tour Operators) Regulations, 1999 Regulations made by the Belize Tourist Board in exercise of the powers conferred upon it by section 15 of the Belize Tourist Board Act, Chapter 232A of the Laws of Belize, Revised Edition 1980-90, and all other powers thereunto it enabling *10)Protected Areas Conservation Act, 1995. No. 15 of 1995 An act to establish a trust for the protection, conservation and enhancement of the natural and cultural resources of Belize; to establish a Trust Fund for the Trust; to establish a Board of Directors to control and manage the affairs of the trust; and to provide for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. BERMUDA The Summary Offences Act, 1926. 1926: No. 2 With subsequent amendments up to 1977. Makes provision, inter alia, for restriction on making noises at night, tidiness of public places, beaches, etc, restriction on riding horses on beaches. The Motor Taxi Regulations, 1952 Issued by the Transport Control Department for information of taxi drivers ONLY. These Regulations were brought into operation on 15th January, 1953, by order published in Gazette No. 53 of 1952. The Auxiliary Bicycles Act, 1954 The Hotel (Licensing and Control) Regulations, 1976 Made by the Minister of Tourism under section 14 of the Hotels (Licensing and Control) Act 1969. The Motor Car Act 1951. Parts II and IV. Incorporating subsequent amendments. Deals, inter alia with general restrictions on use of motor cars for hire or reward, public service vehicles including buses, taxis and limousines, etc. BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS 1)Commercial Recreational Vessels Licensing Act, 1992. An Act to provide for the licensing of commercial recreational vessels; to issue permits to non-commercial recreational vessels and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. Tourist Board Ordinance, 1969, Ch. 280 Incorporates subsequent amendments up to 1991. Makes provision for the establishment of the Board, its membership, duties, functions and powers as well as financial provisions. 3)*Chapter 95. Mongoose (Prohibition). 6th October 1902. Mongoose Prohibition Ordinance. 4)*Chapter 96. Pigeons. 19th November, 1926. Pigeons Ordinance. An Ordinance to provide for the establishment and constitution of a Tourist Board and for other matters connected therewith. 5)* Chapter 97. Protection of Animals Act. 20th March 1935. 6)* Chapter 85. Plant Protection Ordinance. 30th October 1941 7)* Chapter 86. Protection of Trees and Conservation of Soil and Water. 4th Septeber1954 8)* Chapter 87. Turtles Ordinance. 21st May 1959 9)* Chapter 98. Wild Birds Protection Ordinance. 9th March 1959 10)* Chapter 208. Beach Protection Ordinance. 13th August 1960 11)* National Parks Ordinance. No. 29 of 1961. 12)* Statutory Rules and Orders. Interpretation and General Clauses Act, 1955. (Leeward Islands No. 12 of 1955). No. 23 of 1966 13)* Statutory Rules and Ord ers. Aircraft (Landing Places and Fees) (Virgin Gorda) Notification 1968. No. 9 of 1968 (Gazetted 27th November 1968) 14)* The Tourist Board Ordinance of 1968. No. 9 of 1968. An Ordinance to provide for the establishment and constitution of a Tourist Board and for other matters connected therewith 15)*Statutory Rules and Orders. Interpretation and General Clauses Act, Section 30, Cap 135. No. 12A of 1968 16)*The Mining Ordinance, 1980. No. 10 of 1980 An Ordinance to repeal the mining Ordinance 1972 and to enact more comprehensive legislation governing the exploration for and production of minerals in the British Virgin Islands, and for purposes incidental thereto or connected therewith 17)*Tourist Board (Amendment) Ordinance, 1972. No. 9 of 1972 An Ordinance to amend the Tourist Board Ordinance, 1968. 8)*Mining Ordinance, 1972. No. 11 of 1972 An Ordinance to make provision with regard to prospecting for minerals and mining, and for purposes connected therewith. 19)*Petroleum Mining Ordinance, 1972. No. 12 of 1972 An Ordinance to make provisions relating to the issue of exploration licence and petroleum agreement with regard to exploration, prospecting and mining for petroleum in Virgin Islands and to provide for matters connected therewith. 20)*Petroleum Mining (Amendment) Ordinance, 1973. No. 8 of 1973 An Ordinance to amend the Petroleum Mining Ordinance, 1972. 21)*Endangered Animals and Plants Ordinance, 1976. No. of 1976 An Ordinance to restrict the importation and exportation of certain animals, plants and articles; to restrict the movement after importation of certain live animals; and for the purposes connected therewith and incidental thereto. 22)*Hotel Aid Ordinance, 1977. No. 25 of 1977 An Ordinance to consolidate the existing law concerning concessions in respect of customs duties and income tax for certain hoteliers within the Territory, to provide for relief from duty on goods imported, to remove certain concessions, to define premises qualifying as hotels and for other purposes connected therewith and incidental thereto. 3)*National Parks (Amendment) Ordinance, 1978. No. 3 of 1978 An Ordinance to Amend the National Park s Ordinance, 1961. 24)*Appropriation Ordinance, 1979. No. 4 of 1979 An Ordinance to provide for the appropriation of diverse sums of money for and towards defraying several charges and expenses for the services of the Government of the Virgin Islands for the year ending on the 31st day of December, 1979. 25)*Marine Parks and Protected Areas Ordinance, 1979. No. 8 of 1979 An Ordinance to make provision for the establishment of Marine Parks and Protected Areas and for purposes connected therewith and incidental thereto. 6)*Fisheries Ordinance, 1979. No. 18 of 1979 An Ordinance to provide for the protection, regulation and control of products of the sea in the waters, of adjacent to, the Virgin Islands, and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. 27)*Sewerage (Rates and Charges) Ordinance, 1980. No. 6 of 1980 An Ordinance to impose sewerage rates and charges in prescribed areas 28)*The Wild Birds Protection (Amendment) Ordinance, 1980. No. 11 of 1980 An Ordinance to amen d the Wild Birds Protection Ordinance, Cap. 98 29)*Fisheries (Amendment) Ordinance, 1980. No. 12 of 1980 An Ordinance to Amend the Fisheries Ordinance of 1979, No. 18 of 1979 30)*The Tourist Board (Amendment) Ordinance, 1983. No. 2 of 1983 An Ordinance to amend the Tourist Board Ordinance, 1968 CAYMAN ISLANDS Tourism Regulations (1999 Revision). Issued under the Tourism Law (1995 Revision). Revised under the Authority of the Law Revision Law (19 of 1975). Consolidated and revised 5th January 1999. Stipulates fess, forms, register of licenses, minimum requirements, specific minimum requirements in respect of the advertising, etc, of locally owned facilities, travelling expenses, hospitality expenses, appeals, etc. The Travel Tax Law, 1976 (Law 11 of 1976) A law to repeal and replace the Travel Tax Law (1 of 1965). Provides for the collection of duties in respect of passengers carried and the responsibilities of carriers. The Travel Tax Regulations, 1977. Made under section 6 of The Travel Tax Law, 1976. Prescribes form of travel tax receipt for issue to travellers, form of monthly account to Collector of Taxes of travel tax collected from travellers and other related forms. The Travel Tax (Amendment) Law, 1979 (Law 32 of 1979) The Travel Tax (Amendment) Law, 1982 (Law 6 of 1982) The Travel Tax (Amendment) Law, 1984 (Law 14 of 1984) The Travel Tax (Amendment) Law, 1985 (Law 39 of 1985) The Travel Tax (Amendment) Law, 1987 (Law 5 of 1987) The Tourist Accommodation (Taxation) Law (Revised) [1978] Consolidated with law 28 of 1968, law 2 of 1977. Deals with taxation of tourist accommodation and related matters. The Tourist Accommodation (Taxation) (Amendment) Law, 1981 (Law 25 of 1981) The Tourism Law, 1974. Law 10 0f 1974 A law to repeal and replace in amended form the Tourist Board Law (No. 38 of 1965). Provides for the establishment of the Department of Tourism, the Tourism Advisory Council and the Hotels Licensing Board, the composition of these bodies and their functions. Tourism Regulations, 1974. Made under section 13 of the Tourism Law, 1974 [Law 10 of 1974]. Prescribes application forms for the licensing of accommodation establishments and lays down minimum requirements. Tourism (Amendment) Regulations , 1985 Made under section 13 of the Tourism Law, 1974 (Law 10 of 1974). The Tourism (Amendment) Law, 1979 (Law 3 of 1979) Strata Titles Registration Law, 1973 (Law 14 of 1973) A Law to facilitate the sub-division of land in strata and the disposition and registration of strata titles and for matters incidental thereto. Strata Titles Registration Regulations, 1974. Made under section 18 of the Strata Titles Registration Law, 1973. The Strata Titles Registration (Amendment) Law, 1983 (Law 1 of 1983) The Mosquito (Research and Control) Law (Revised) [1976] A Law to provide for research and control of mosquitoes. Consolidated with Law 27 of 1968, Law 18 of 1969, Law 5 of 1974 and revised under authority of the Law Revision Law (no 19 of 1975). The Mosquito (Research and Control) Regulations (Revised), 1976 The Mosquito (Research and Control) (Amendment) Regulations, 1979 Made under section 28 of the Mosquito (Research and Control) Law (Revised). Declaration of Physical Control Area (Mosquito (Research and Control) Law (Revised) [1979] The Mosquito (Research and Control) (Amendment) Regulations, 1981 Made under section 28 of the Mosquito (Research and Control) Law (Revised). The Marine Conservation Law, 1978 (Law 19 of 1978). A Law to preserve the natural amenities of the territorial waters of the islands. The Marine Conservation Regulations, 1979 Made under section 24 of the Marine Conservation Law, 1978 (Law 19 of 1978) 25) Marine Conservation (Amendment) Regulations, 1980 Made under section 24 of the Marine Conservation Law, 1978 (Law 19 of 1978) 26) The Marine Conservation (Turtle Protection) Regulations, 1978 Made under section 24 of the Marine Conservation Law, 1978 (Law 19 of 1978) 27) Marine Conservation (Amendment) Regulations, 1985. Made under section 24 of the Marine Conservation Law, 1978 (Law 19 of 1978) 8)Marine Conservation (Turtle Protection) (Amendment) Regulations, 1985. 29)The Marine Conservation (Amendment) Law, 1985 (Law 5 of 1985). 30) Marine Conservation (Amendment) Regulations, 1986. Made under section 24 of the Marine Conservation Law, 1978 (Law 19 of 1978) 31) The Marine Conservation (Marine Parks) Regulations, 1986 Made under the Marine Conservation Law, 1978 (Law No. 19 of 1978). 32) The Marine Conservation (Marine Parks) (Amendment) Regulations , 1986. Made under the Marine Conservation Law, 1978 (Law No. 9 of 1978). 33) Marine Conservation (Licensing of Seine Nets) Directives, 1986. Issued by the Marine Conservation Board under sections 3 and 4 of the Marine Conservation Law, 1978. 34) Marine Conservation (Licensing of Spear Guns) Directives, 1986. Issued by the Marine Conservation Board under sections 3 an4 of the Marine Conservation Law, 1978. 35) The Litter Law, 1982 (Law 2 of 1982) A law respecting the littering of public places and of premises. 36) Hotel Aid Law, 1976 (Law 6 of 1976). The Hotels Aid Law, Ch. 6, having fallen into abeyance, it is sought to re-enact it with certain small modifications including some changes in the preferential rate of Customs Duty allowed to licensees under the Law. 37) Hotels Aid Regulations, 1976 38) The Hotel Aid (Amendment) Law, 1978 (Law 4 of 1978). A law to amend the Hotels Aid Law, 1976 (Law 6 of 1976) 39) The Hotels Aid (Amendment) Law, 1979. (Law 2 of 1979) A law to amend the hotels Aid L aw, 1976 (Law 6 of 1976) DOMINICA Hotel Aids Ordinance, 1958. Ch. 321. On Ordinance to encourage the hotel industry in Dominica by granting certain elief in respect of customs duties, income tax, and real property tax to persons who expend moneys upon the construction or equipment of hotels in Dominica and for purposes incidental thereto and connected therewith. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Informe Aplicable a las Tiendas de Zonas Francas, Ley No. 4315 (Law relating to the shops in the Free Zones, Law No. 4315) GRENADA Beach Vending (Regulation) Act, 1998. (Act No. 21 of 1988). An Act to regulate beach vending and to provide for matters connected therewith. Also provides for the prohibition of harassment. Tourist Board Act, 1988 (Act No. 9 of 1988). An Act to establish a Tourist Board charged with the duty of developing the tourist industry of Grenada, Cariacou Petit Martinique and promoting its efficiency for the purposes incidental to or connected with the matters aforesaid. Tourist Board (Amendment) Act, 1990. (No. 20 of 1990). An Act to amend the Tourist Board Act 1988. Cruise Ship (Visitors Levy) (Amendment) Act, 1991. (Act No. 32 of 1991). An Act to provide for an increase in the levy on cruise ship visitors. Tourist Board (Amendment) Act, 1992. (No. 20 of 1992) An Act to amend the Tourist Board Act, 1988. Deals with the appointment and remuneration of Director, Deputy Director and Secretary of Tourist Board. Tourist Board (Amendment) Act 1993 (Act No. 39 of 1993). An Act to amend the Tourist Board Act, 1988. Deals with the appointment of beach patrol guards. JAMAICA The Hawkers and Pedlars Act. Cap. 146. [15th October, 1867]. Deals with the licensing of hawkers and pedlars and related matters. The Tourist Board Act, 1955. Incorporates subsequent amendments. Provides for the establishment and composition of Board, functions, duties and powers, financial provisions and miscellaneous related matters. The Tourist Board (Amendment) Act, 1985 (No. 7 of 1985). Amends a number of sections of the principal Act, notably in respect of licensing of tourist accommodation and the procedure to be followed. The Tourist (Duty-Free) Shopping System Act, 1974. Incorporates subsequent amendments up to 1985. Provides for the licensing of tourist (duty-free) shop operators and related matters including the furnishing of a bond, the levying of operational charge, the making of returns and keeping of records, warehousing, and other matters related to the operation of a duty-free trade. Tourism Incentive Legislation. The Hotel (Incentives) Act 1968. MEXICO Ley Federal de Turismo, 1992 – (Federal Tourism Law). Gazetted on 31 December 1992. Text comprises five parts sub-divided into chapters and articles in Spanish. Provides for the development of tourism, in terms of the planning of tourism including priority development zones, the decentralisation of functions, the promotion and publicity of tourism, the National Tourism Fund, and operational aspects of the sector. Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Turismo, 1994 – (Regulations under the Federal Tourism Law). First gazetted on 2 May 1994. Text comprises 15 chapters and 90 articles in Spanish. Provides for the regulation of tourism development zones, tourist accommodation establishments, food and beverage services, travel and tour services, tourist guides, etc. Reglamento Interior de la Secretaria de Turismo, 1996 – (Internal Regulations of the Secretariat of Tourism) Gazetted 31 May 1996. Text comprises 9 chapters and 30 articles in Spanish. Prescribes the role and functions of the various structural components of the Secretariat. MONTSERRAT Tourist Board Ordinance, 1993. (No. 3 0f 1993) An Ordinance to establish a Tourist Board for Montserrat to develop the tourist industry and promote its efficiency and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. PUERTO RICO Puerto Rico Games of Chance Regulations, 1997. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Tourism Company. Issued under the authority conferred by primary legislation, notably the Organic Act of the Tourism Company, Act No. 10 of 18 June 1970, as amended, and the Games of Chance Act, Act No. 221 of 15 May 1948 and repeals previous regulations with respect to the Games of Chance Act. English text comprises 11 chapters governing, inter alia, the grant of franchise to operate a casino, operation of the casino (with sub-chapters devoted to individual games), gaming equipment, controls, employee licence, casino service industry licence and casino service industry employee licence, procedures for solution of controversies, distribution of slot machine revenues, etc. Amendments made to Section 2 of the Puerto Rico Tourism Company Law pertaining to Casinos, arcades (games of chance, slots, etc. ). 13th Legislative Assembly, Ordinary Session, Law No. 24. Approved 26 June 1997 In Spanish. Capitulo 5. Juegos de Azar. Chapter 5. [The] Gambling/Gaming Law) Ley de la Compania de Turismo de Puerto Rico. – Junio 18, 1970, Num. 10, p. 426 art. 1: Junio 3, 1976, Num. 141, p. 438, sec. 1, ef. Junio 3, 1976. (23 L. P. R. A. Sec. 671 et seq. Capitulo 39. Compa a de Turismo. (The Organic Law of the Puerto Rico Tourism Company. Spanish text. Deals with the establishment, organi sation, responsibilities, functions and powers of the Tourism Company and related matters. Desarrollo Turistico. Capitulo 151. (Chapter 151. Tourism Development) Spanish text of law providing for the establishment and operation of tourism investment funds. Reglamento Promulgado para Gobernar las Condiciones para la Concession de Exenciones y Otros Incentivos Contributivos a Tenor con las Disdposiciones del Articulo 9(B) de la Ley de Desarrollo Turistico de Puerto Rico de 1993, segun Emendada, Ley Num. 78 de 10 de Septiembre de 1993, segun Emendada. (Regulations promulgated in 1995 under the Tourism Development Law of Puerto Rico, 1993, as amended, Law No. 78 of 1993, etc. Spanish text. Deals with wide range of tourism services, including â€Å"condohotels†, timeshare, golf courses, theme parks, marinas, and concessions and incentives provided etc. ) Ley de Derecho de Multipropiedad y Clubes Vacacionales de Puerto Rico. English language version available under title â€Å"Puerto Rico Timeshare and Vacation Club Act†. Law No. 252 Approved 26 December 1995. The objectives of the Act are (1) to protect the purchaser of timeshare interests and (2) to encourage the development of the timeshare industry by setting forth rules by which the industry is to operate. Enmienda al Reglamento de Requisitos Minimos de Hospederias y Paradores de Puerto Rico. (Amendments to the Regulations of Minimum Requirements for Guesthouses and Inns in Puerto Rico). Number 5533. Approved 14 January 1997. In Spanish. ST. LUCIA Tourist (Duty Free Shopping System) Act, 1986. (No 23 of 1986) An Act to provide for a tourist duty free shopping system permitting duty concessions on goods for export and for matters incidental thereto or connected therewith. Parks and Beaches Commission Act,1983 An Act to provide for the control and maintenance and development of the public parks, gardens and beaches of Saint Lucia. Provides for the establishment and functions of the Parks and Beaches Commission and miscellaneous related matters. Tourist (Duty-Free Shopping System) (Amendment) Order, 1996. Fiscal Incentives Act, 1974. No. (15 of 1974) An Act to give effect to the Agreement on harmonisation of fiscal incentives to industry. Hotel Aids Ordinance, 1959. (No. 25 of 1959) Hotel Proprietors Act, 1968. Tourist Industry Development Act, 1981. (No. 4 of 1981) An Act to provide for the establishment of a Board for the purposes of administering and developing the Tourist Industry of St Lucia and for purposes connected therewith. Provides for the establishment, composition, powers and duties, and operating procedures of the Board. ST. VINCENT THE GRENADINES Companies Regulations, 1996. S. R. O. No. 22 of 1996). Made under section 527 of the Companies Act, 1994. Customs Duties (Amendment) Act, 1997. (No. 5 of 1997). An Act to amend the Customs Duties Act (Cap. 184 of 1926), with which it should be read and construed as one. Forest Resource Conservation Act, 1992. (Act No. 47 of 1992). An Act to make provision for the conservation, management and proper use of the forests and water sheds, the declaration of forest reserves, cooperative forests and conservation areas, the prevention and control of forest fires; and for matters connected with those purposes. Immigration (Restriction) Act. Revised Edition 1990. Chapter 78. An Act to impose restrictions on immigration. Immigration (Passport Exemption) Regulations. Revised Edition 1990. Preservation of Historic Buildings and Antiquities Act, 1976. Revised Edition 1990. Ch. 247. An Act to make provision for the acquisition and preservation of historic buildings and antiquities, to restrict the exportation of antiquities, and for matters incidental to the foregoing. Aliens (Land-Holding Regulation) Act, 1922. Revised Edition 1990. Ch. 235. An Act to regulate the holding of land by aliens and companies under alien control. Sir Garfield Sobers (Land-Holding) Declaration Order, 1974. (S. R. O. No. 9 of 1974). Revised Edition 1990. Order waiving alien status of Sir Garfield Sobers for the purposes of the Aliens (Land Holding Regulation) Act. Botanical Garden Act, 1898. Revised Edition 1990. Ch. 56. An Act to authorise the framing of rules for the proper regulation of the Botanical Garden. Botanical Garden Rules, 1919. Revised Edition 1990. The Hotel Aid Act, 1988. (No. 16 of 1988). An Act to provide incentives for the renovation, refurbishment and expansion of existing hotels, the construction of new hotels and for matters incidental thereto and connected therewith. National Trust Act. Revised Edition 1990. Chapter 329. An Act to establish a body corporate to be known as the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines National Trust. Sets out objects, powers, composition of board of trustees, membership of Trust, publication of rules, and makes provision for relief from income tax on gifts to Trust. Hotel Tax Act, 1976. Revised Edition 1990. Ch. 38. An Act to provide for the imposition and collection of a tax in respect of the hire and occupation of accommodation and the supply of refreshment in hotels and for matters connected therewith. Mustique Company Limited Act, 1989. ( No. 62 of 1989). An Act to authorise the making of an agreement on the 15th day of Dec 1989 with the Mustique Company Limited for the establishment of the investment of Mustique as a first class inte rnational residential resort of distinctive character and the development of its commercial and other undertakings on the island. Mustique Company Limited Act. Act No. 62 of 1989. Revised Edition 1990. Ch. 108. An Act to authorise the making of an agreement on the 15th day of December 1989, with the Mustique Company Limited for the establishment of the Mustique Conservation Area, the further development through foreign investment of Mustique as a first class international residential resort of distinctive character and the development of its commercial and other undertakings on the island. Canouan Resorts Development Limited (Lease Ratification) Act, 1990. (No. 4 of 1990). An Act to confirm and ratify a lease agreement dated the 31st day of October 1990, between the Canouan Resorts Development Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Gesfid S. A. in respect of lands in Canouan for the construction and operation of an international residential resort and club of distinctive character. Town and Country Planning (Small Hotels and Self-Contained Apartments) Regulations, 1989. (S. R. O. No. 37 of 1989). Made under section 22 of the Town and Country Planning Act No. 8 of 1976 and its amendments Act No. 1 of 1981. Provides for minimum physical planning standards for small hotels and self-contained apartments, including site planning and environmental health standards. Hotels Aid (Application Procedure) Regulations, 1989. (S. R. O. No. 31 of 1989) Made under section 15 of the Hotels Aid Act, 1988 (No. 16 of 1988). Prescribes the procedure for registration of hotels under the Act for the purposes of construction, improvement and expansion approvals. Hotels Aid (Inventory) Regulations, 1972. (No. 5 of 1972). Made under the Hotels Aid Ordinance, 1969. Prescribes that certain licensed hotels are required to make, keep and maintain inventories. Gambling, Lotteries and Betting Ordinance, 1968. (No. 27 of 1968). Provides for establishment of Gaming Authority, and the operation and governance of gambling, lotteries, and betting, including appropriate licensing requirements, and other related matters. Gambling and Betting (Licences) Regulations, 1969. (S. R. O. No 1 of 1969). Made under the Gambling, Lotteries and Betting Ordinance, 1968. Hotels Aid Ordinance, 1969. (No. 24 of 1969). An Ordinance to provide incentives for hotel development and to regulate other matters connected therewith. Licences Ordinance, 1969. (No. 6 of 1969). An Ordinance to repeal the Licences Ordinance, 1940, and make fresh provision in replacement thereof. Hotels Aid (Customs Duty Concessions) Regulations, 1972. S. R. O. No. 4 of 1972. Made under the Hotels Aid Ordinance, 1969. Prescribes drawback of customs duties and the goods to which the concessions apply. Airport Service Charge Act, 1976. (No. 26 of 1976). An Act to impose an airport service charg e on passengers departing by aircraft from St. Vincent to make provision for the collection of such a charge, and matters in connection therewith. Yachts License (Amendment) Act, 1979. No. 1 of 1979). An Act to amend the Yachts Licence Act, 1970. Beach Protection Act, 1981. Act No. 10 of 1981 An Act to protect beaches and to prohibit the removal of sand, coral, stones, shingle and gravel from the beaches of St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Beach Protection (Amendment) Act, 1982. (Act No. 23 of 1982) An Act to amend the Beach Protection Act, 1981. TRINIDAD TOBAGO Qualifications for the issue of licences to Tour Guides Tour Operators in Tobago. Draft Guide licence No. 51 of 1980. Statutory Instrument issued under the Summary Offences Law, Ch. 11:02. Minimum Requirements for Registration of Guesthouses. Issued by the Trinidad and Tobago Tourism Authority and the Tobago House of Assembly pursuant to Section 16B of the Tourism Development Authority Act, 1989. 3) Minimum Requirements for Registration of Hotels. Issued by the Trinidad and Tobago Tourism Authority and the Tobago House of Assembly pursuant to Section 16B of the Tourism Development Authority Act, 1989. TURKS CAICOS ISLANDS The Tourism Ordinance 1990. (No. 27 of 1990). An Ordinance to regulate tourism, to establish a Tourist Board and for connected purposes. The Tourism (Amendment) Ordinance 1995. No. 4 of 1995). Enacted to amend section 7 of the Tourism Ordinance 1990. The Tourist Board Ordinance, 1970. (No. 10 of 1970). An Ordinance to provide for the establishment of a Tourist Board charged with the duty of developing the tourist industry in the islands and for matters connected therewith. The Tourism Ordinance, 1993. Draft bill text available. An Ordinance to repeal and replace in an amended form the Tourism Ordinance 1990; to provide for the licensing and regulation of tourism businesses; and for matters connected therewith. 5) Coast Protection Ordinance, 1970. (No. 1. of 1970). An Ordinance to provide for the protection of the coasts of the islands. 6) The Encouragement of Development Ordinance, 1972. (No. 2 of 1972). An Ordinance to encourage the establishment, conduct and expansion of development enterprises in the islands by the granting of relief from customs duties and taxes to persons engaging in such enterprises incidental to and connected with any of the foregoing purposes. 7) The Encouragement of Development (Amendment) Ordinance 1980. (No. 8 of 1980). An Ordinance to amend the Encouragement of Development Ordinance, 1972 (No. 2 of 1972). Historic Wrecks Ordinance, 1974. No. 15 of 1974). An Ordinance to provide for the protection of wrecks in certain cases and for purposes connected therewith. National Parks Ordinance, 1975. (No. 11 of 1975). An Ordinance to provide powers to permit the establishment of parks, nature reserves, sanctuaries and areas of historical interest, and generally for the conservation of he natural environment and ecology of t he islands and for purposes connected therewith. Public Health, 1976. (No. 6. of 1976). An Ordinance relating to public health and to provide for matters incidental thereto. Towns and Public Health Ordinance, 1896. Revised Edition 1970. Ch. 49. Control of Drugs (Amendment Ordinance), 1980. UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS 1) Act No. 5036 of 1984. To authorise the Department of Conservation and Cultural Affairs to administer and enforce provisions relating to the mooring of vessels and the issuance of mooring permits. 2)Mooring and Anchoring of Vessels and Houseboats Act of 1990. Act No. 5567. To repeal chapter 16 of title 25, Virgin Islands Code, pertaining to the mooring and anchoring of vessels. 3)Coastal Zone Management: Proposed regulations, Administrative Processing fees for CZM Permit. Section 910. 1990] 4)*Revolving/Advertising Fund Bill. Bill No. 21-011. Act No. 6092. 5)*Cruise Ship Industry. Bill No. 23-0178 Act No. 6287 6)*The Casino Control Act of 1995. Bill No. 21-0003. II. LISTING BY SUBJECT AREA 1. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF TOURISM Anguilla 1) The Anguilla Tourist Board Ordinance 1993 Bahamas 1) The Hotel Corporation of the Bahamas Act, 1974 Barbados 1) Barbados Tourism Authority Act , 1993 2) Barbados Tourism Authority Act, 1995 3) National Conservation Commission Act, 1982 4) Barbados Investment Development Corporation Act, 1992 British Virgin Islands 1Tourist Board Ordinance, 1969, Ch. 80 Cayman Islands 2The Tourism Law, 1974 Grenada 1)Tourist Board Act,1988 2)Tourist Board (Amendment) Act, 1990. (No. 20 of 1990). 3)Tourist Board (Amendment) Act, 1992 4)Tourist Board (Amendment) Act, 1993 Jamaica 1) The Tourist Board Act, 1955 2) The Tourist Board Amendment Act, 1985 Mexico 5)Ley Federal de Turismo,199 6)Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Turismo, 1994 7)Reglamento Interior de la Secretaria de Turismo, 1996 Monserrat 1) Tourist Board Ordinance, 1993. ( No. 13 of 1993) Puerto Rico 1)Ley de la Compania de Turismo de Puerto Rico, 1970 2)Desarrollo Turistico, Ch. 151 St Lucia )Parks and Beaches Commission Act, 1983 2)Tourist Industry Development Act, 1981 St Vincent and the Grenadines 1)National Trust Act. Revised edition, 1990. 2)Mustique Company Limited Act, 1989 3)Mustique Company Limited Act. Revised edition 1990 4)Canouan Resorts Development Limited (Lease Ratification) Act, 1990 Turks and Caicos Islands 1)The Tourism Ordinance, 1990 2)The Tourism (Amendment) Ordinance, 1995 3)The Tourist Board Ordinance, 1970 4)The Tourism Ordinance, 1993 2. TOURIST ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS Anguilla 1)Accommodation Tax Ordinance, 1973 2)The Accommodation Tax (Amendment) Ordinance, 1985 Aruba )National Ordinance for the Promotion of Industrial Establishments and Hotel Construction, 1953. Bahamas 1)The Hotels Encouragement Act, 1954 2)The Hotels Encouragement (Amendment) Act, 1965 3)The Hotels Act, 1970 4)The Hotels Encouragement Regulations, 1971. Supplement 5)The Hotels Regulations, 1971 Barbados 1)Hotels Apartments and Guest Houses (Registration and Classification) Regulations, 1982 2)The Hotel Aids Act, 1967 3)Hotel Proprietors Act, 1975 4)Hotel and Restaurant (Sales Tax) Act, 1974 5)The Hotel and restaurants (Rate of Tax) Order, 1977 6)Condominium Act, 1971 Belize 1)Hotels and Tourist Accommodation Act, 1997 )Hotels and Tourist Accommodation (Minimum Registration, Licensing and Operating Requirements) Regulations, 1999 Bermuda 1) The Hotel (Licensing and Control) Regulations, 1976 Cayman Islands 1)The Tourist Accommodation (Taxation) Law (Revised), 1978 2)The Tourist Accommodation (Taxation) (Amendment) Law, 1981 3)Tourism Regulations, 1974 4)Tourism (Amendment) Regulations, 1985 5) The Tourism (Amendment) Law, 1979 6) Hotels Aid Law, 1976 1)Hotels Aid Regulations, 1976 2)The Hotel Aid (Amendment) Law, 1978 3)The Hotels Aid (Amendment) Law, 1979 Dominica 1)Hotel Aids Ordinance, 1958 Jamaica 1)The Tourist Board (Amendment) Act, 1985 Mexico 1)Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Turismo Puerto Rico 1)Reglamento Promulgado para Gobernar las Condiciones para la Concession de Exenciones Otros Incentivos Contributivos a Tenor con las Disposiciones del Articula 9(B) de la Ley de Desarrollo Turistico de Puerto Rico de 1993 2)Puerto Rico Timeshare and Vacation Club Act, 1995 3)Enmienda al Reglamento de Requisitos Minimos de Hospederias y Paradores de Puerto Rico, 1997 St Lucia 1)Hotel Aids Ordinance, 1959 2)Hotel Proprietors Act, 1968 St Vincent and the Grenadines 1)The Hotel Aid Act, 1988 2)Hotels Aid (Application Procedure) Regulations, 1989 )Hotels Aid (Inventory) Regulations, 1989 4)Hotels Aid Ordinance, 1969 5)Hotels Aid (Customs Duty Concessions) Regulations, 1972 Trinidad and Tobago 1)Minimum Requirements for Registration of Guesthouses 2)Minimum Requirements for Registration of Hotels 3) 4)DEVELOPMENT INCENTIVES Aruba 1)National Ordinance for the Promotion of Industrial Establishments and Hotel Construction, 1953 Bah amas 1)The Promotion of Tourism Act, No. 49 of 1963. Chapter 13. Revised Edition 1965. 2)The Hotels Encouragement Act, 1954, with subsequent amendments. Chapter 304. 3)The Hotels Encouragement (Amendment) Act, 1965. No. 59 of 1965. )The Hotels Encouragement (Amendment) Act. No. 5 of 1966. 5)The Hotels Encouragement Regulations, 1971. Supplement. 6) Cruise Sips (Overnighting Incentives) Act, 1995. Barbados 1)Hotel Aids Act 1967 2)Suggested Minimum Requirements for the Granting of Concessions to Hotels/Guesthouses. Issued by the National Development Corporation under the Hotel Aid Act. British Virgin Islands 1)Commercial Recreational Vessels Licensing Act, 1992 Cayman Islands 1)Hotels Aid Law, 1976 2)Hotels Aid Regulations, 1976 3)Hotels Aid (Amendment) Law, 1978 4)Hotels Aid (Amendment) Law, 1979 Dominica 1)Hotel Aids Ordinance, 1958 Jamaica )The Hotel (Incentives) Act, 1968 Mexico 1)Ley Federal de Turismo, 1992 2)Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Turismo, 1994 Puerto Rico 1)Desarrollo Turistico. Capitulo 151 2) Reglamento Promulgado para Gobernar las Condiciones para la Concession de Exenciones y Otros Incentivos Contributivos a Tenor con las Dispsiciones del Articulo 9(B) de la Ley de Desarrollo Turistico de Puerto Rico de 1993 St Lucia 1)Fiscal Incentives Act, 1968 2)Hotel Aids Ordinance, 1959 3)Tourist Industry Development Act, 1981 St Vincent and the Grenadines 1)The Hotel Aid Act, 1988 2) Mustique Company Limited Act, 1989 3) Mustique Company Limited Act. Revised edition 1990 4) Canouan Resorts Development Limited (Lease ratification) Act, 1990 5) Hotels Aid (Application Procedure) Regulations, 1989 6) Hotels Aid (Inventory) Regulations, 1972 7) Hotels Aid Ordinance, 1969 8) Hotels Aid (Customs Duty Concessions) Regulations, 1972 Turks and Caicos Islands 1)The Encouragement of Development Ordinance, 1972 2) The Encouragement of Development (Amendment) Ordinance, 1980 3. REGULATION AND CONTROL OF TOURISM INDUSTRY Bahamas 1)The Hotels Act, 1970. 2) The Hotels Regulations, 1971. S. I. No. 8 of 1971. 3) The Water Skiing and Motor Boat Control Act, 1970. No. 16 of 1970. 4) The Lotteries and Gaming Act, 1969. No. 8 of 1969. 5) The Lotteries and Gaming (Amendment) Act, 1971. No. 1 of 1971. 6) The Lotteries and Gaming (Amendment) Act, 1972. No. 2 of 1972. 7) The Lotteries and Gaming (Amendment) Act, 1974. No. 13 of 1974. 8) The Lotteries and Gaming (Amendment) Act, 1978. No. 3 of 1978. Barbados 1)Hotels, Apartments and Guest Houses (Registration and Classification) Regulations, 1982. S. I. 1982 No. 160 2) Hotel Proprietors Act, 1975. Ch. 309. 3) Health Services Act, 1969. Ch. 44. 4) Health Services (Food Hygiene) Regulations, 1969. Ch. 44. ) Health Services (Hotels) Regulations, 1969. Ch. 44. 6) Health Services (Restaurants) Regulations, 1969. Ch. 44. 7) Health Services (Building) Regulations, 1969. Ch. 44. 8) Health Services (Lodging Houses and Barracks) Regulations, 1970. Ch. 44. 9) Health Services (Swimming Pools) Regulations, 1970. Ch.. 44. 10)Health Services (Amendment) Act, 1995-4. 11)Minor Offences Act, 1998-1. 12)Travel Services Act, 1983. Ch. 373A. 13)Travel Services (Fees) Order, 1983. Ch. 373A. 14)Travel Services Regulations, 1983. 15) Barbados Port Authority (Water Sports) Regulations, 1990 16) Condominium Act, 1971. Ch. 224A 17) Registration of Business Names Act, 140. Ch.. 317. 18) Profession, Trade and Business Registration Act, 1979. Ch. 373. 19) Profession, Trade and Business Registration Order, 1992. Belize 1) Belize Tourist Board (Tourist Guide) Regulations, 1992. Statutory Instrument No. 130 of 1992. 2) Belize Tourist Board (Tour Guide) Regulations, 1994. Statutory Instrument No. 80 of 1994 3) Hotels and Tourist Accommodation Act, 1997. No. 12 of 1997. 4) Hotels and Tourist Accommodation (Minimum Registration, Licensing and Operating Requirements) Regulations, 1999. ) 1st Schedule: Minimum Requirements for the Registration of Hotels and Resorts b) 2nd Schedule: Minimum Requirements for the Registration of Apartments, Condominiums Villas c) 3rd Schedule: Minimum Requirements for the Registration of Guest Houses, Lodges and Inns d) 4th Schedule: Minimum Requirements for the Registration of Community Based Tourism Establishments e) 5th Schedule: Minimum Requirements for the Registration of Camp Sites 5)Belize Tourist Board, Agreement for Operating a Liveaboard Passenger Vessel (Class II- Vessels ten (10) and above and above passenger capacity). Bermuda 1)The Motor Taxi Regulations, 1952 2)The Auxiliary Bicycles Act, 1954 3)The Hotel (Licensing and Control) Regulations, 1976 4)The Motor Car Act 1951. Parts II and IV Cayman Islands 1)Tourism Regulations (1999 Revision). 2)The Tourism Law, 1974. Law 10 0f 1974 3)Tourism Regulations, 1974. 4)Tourism (Amendment) Regulations , 1985 5)The Tourism (Amendment) Law, 1979 (Law 3 of 1979) 6)Marine Conservation (Licensing of Spear Guns) Directives, 1986. Dominican Republic 1)Informe Aplicable a las Tiendas de Zonas Francas, Ley No. 4315 (Law relating to the shops in the Free Zones, Law No. 4315) Grenada ) Beach Vending (Regulation) Act, 1998. (Act No. 21 of 1988). 2) Tourist Board (Amendment) Act 1993 (Act No. 39 of 1993). Jamaica 1)The Hawkers and Pedlars Act. Cap. 146. [15th October, 1867]. 2)The Tourist Board (Amendment) Act, 1985 (No. 7 of 1985). 3)The Tourist (Duty-Free) Shopping System Act, 1974. Puerto Rico 1)Puerto Rico Games of Chance Regulations, 1997. Commonwealth of Puerto R ico Tourism Company. Amendments made to Section 2 of the Puerto Rico Tourism Company Law pertaining to Casinos, arcades (games of chance, slots, etc. ). 13th Legislative Assembly, Ordinary Session, Law No. 24. Approved 26 June 1999. In Spanish 2)Capitulo 5. Juegos de Azar. (Chapter 5. [The] Gambling/Gaming Law) 3)Reglamento Promulgado para Gobernar las Condiciones para la Concession de Exenciones y Otros Incentivos Contributivos a Tenor con las Disdposiciones del Articulo 9(B) de la Ley de Desarrollo Turistico de Puerto Rico de 1993, segun Emendada, Ley Num. 78 de 10 de Septiembre de 1993, segun Emendada. 4)Ley de Derecho de Multipropiedad y Clubes Vacacionales de Puerto Rico. 5) English language version available under title â€Å"Puerto Rico Timeshare and Vacation Club Act†. Law No. 252 Approved 26 December 1995. 6) Enmienda al Reglamento de Requisitos Minimos de Hospederias y Paradores de Puerto Rico. (Amendments to the Regulations of Minimum Requirements for Guesthouses and Inns in Puerto Rico). Number 5533. Approved 14 January 1997. In Spanish. St Lucia 1) Tourist (Duty Free Shopping System) Act, 1986. (No 23 of 1986) 2) Parks and Beaches Commission Act,1983 3) Tourist (Duty-Free Shopping System) (Amendment) Order, 1996. 4) Hotel Proprietors Act, 1968. St Vincent and the Grenadines 1)Companies Regulations, 1996. (S. R. O. No. 2 of 1996). 2) Customs Duties (Amendment) Act, 1997. (No. 5 of 1997). 3 Immigration (Restriction) Act. Revised Edition 1990. Chapter 78. 4) Immigration (Passport Exemption) Regulations. Revised Edition 1990. 5) Aliens (Land-Holding Regulation) Act, 1922. Revised Edition 1990. Ch. 235. 6) Sir Garfield Sobers (Land-Holding) Declaration Order, 1974. (S. R. O. No. 9 of 1974). Revised Edition 1990. 7)Gambling, Lotteries and Betting Or dinance, 1968. (No. 27 of 1968). 8) Gambling and Betting (Licences) Regulations, 1969. (S. R. O. No 1 of 1969). 9) Licences Ordinance, 1969. (No. 26 of 1969). 0)Yachts License (Amendment) Act, 1979. (No. 1 of 1979). Trinidad and Tobago 1)Qualifications for the issue of licenses to Tour Guides Tour Operators in Tobago. Draft. Guide licence No. 51 of 1980. Statutory Instrument issued under the Summary Offences Law, Ch. 11:02. 2) Minimum Requirements for Registration of Guesthouses. 2)Minimum Requirements for Registration of Hotels. Turks and Caicos Islands 1) The Tourism Ordinance 1990. (No. 27 of 1990). 2) The Tourism (Amendment) Ordinance 1995. (No. 4 of 1995). 3) The Tourism Ordinance, 1993. United States Virgin Islands 1)Act No. 036 of 1984. To authorise the Department of Conservation and Cultural Affairs to administer and enforce provisions relating to the mooring of vessels and the issuance of mooring permits. 2)Mooring and Anchoring of Vessels and Houseboats Act of 1990. Act N o. 5567. 5. TOURISM TAXATION Anguilla 1) Accommodation Tax Ordinance, No7 of 1973. 2) The Accommodation Tax (Amendment) Ordinance No. 1 of 1985. Bahamas 1) The Hotels Act, 1970. Barbados 1)Hotel and Restaurants (Sales Tax) Act, 1974. 2)The Hotel and Restaurants (Rate of Tax) Order, 1977. 3)Hotels and Restaurants (Sales Tax) Amendment Act, 1978. )Hotels and Restaurants (Sales Tax) (Amendment Act), 1980. Cayman Islands 1) The Travel Tax Law, 1976 (Law 11 of 1976) 2) The Travel Tax Regulations, 1977. 3)The Travel Tax (Amendment) Law, 1979 (Law 32 of 1979) 4)The Travel Tax (Amendment) Law, 1982 (Law 6 of 1982) 5)The Travel Tax (Amendment) Law, 1984 (Law 14 of 1984) 6)The Travel Tax (Amendment) Law, 1985 (Law 39 of 1985) 7)The Travel Tax (Amendment) Law, 1987 (Law 5 of 1987) 8)The Tourist Accommodation (Taxation) Law (Revised) [1978] 9)The Tourist Accommodation (Taxation) (Amendment) Law, 1981 (Law 25 of 1981) Grenada 1)Cruise Ship (Visitors Levy) (Amendment) Act, 1991. Act No. 32 of 199 1). St Vincent and the Grenadines 1)Hotel Tax Act, 1976. Revised Edition 1990. Ch. 338. 2)Airport Service Charge Act, 1976. (No. 26 of 1976). 6. TOURISM AND ENVIRONMENT Barbados 1) Health Services Act, 1969. Ch. 44. 2) Health Services (Food Hygiene) Regulations, 1969. Ch. 44. 3)Health Services (Hotels) Regulations, 1969. Ch. 44. 4)Health Services (Restaurants) Regulations, 1969. Ch. 44. 5)Health Services (Building) Regulations, 1969. Ch. 44. 6)Health Services (Lodging Houses and Barracks) Regulations, 1970. Ch. 44. 7)Health Services (Swimming Pools) Regulations, 1970. Ch.. 44. 8)Health Services (Amendment) Act, 1995-4. 9)National Conservation Commission Act, 1982. Ch. 393. 10)Beach Protection Act, 1890. Ch. 389. 11)Cultivation of Trees Act, 1951. Ch. 390. 12)Marine Areas (Preservation and Enhancement) Act, 1976. Ch. 392. 13)Wild Birds Protection Act, 1907. Ch. 398. Belize 1) Belize Tourist Board, Environmental Compliance Plan for Liveaboard Passenger Vessels (Class II). Bermuda 1)The Summary Offences Act, 1926. 1926: No. 2 Cayman Islands 1) Strata Titles Registration Law, 1973 (Law 14 of 1973) 2)Strata Titles Registration Regulations, 1974. )The Strata Titles Registration (Amendment) Law, 1983 (Law 1 of 1983) 4) The Mosquito (Research and Control) Law (Revised) [1976] 5)The Mosquito (Research and Control) Regulations (Revised), 1976 6)The Mosquito (Research and Control) (Amendment) Regulations, 1979 7) Declaration of Physical Control Area (Mosquito (Research and Control) Law (Revised) [1979] 8) The Mosquito (Research and Control) (Amendment) Regul ations, 1981 The Marine Conservation Law, 1978 (Law 19 of 1978) The Marine Conservation Regulations, 1979 Marine Conservation (Amendment) Regulations, 1980 The Marine Conservation (Turtle Protection) Regulations, 1978 Marine Conservation (Amendment) Regulations, 1985. Marine Conservation (Turtle Protection) (Amendment) Regulations, 1985. The Marine Conservation (Amendment) Law, 1985 (Law 5 of 1985). Marine Conservation (Amendment) Regulations, 1986. The Marine Conservation (Marine Parks) Regulations, 1986 The Marine Conservation (Marine Parks) (Amendment) Regulations, 1986. Marine Conservation (Licensing of Seine Nets) Directives, 1986. Marine Conservation (Licensing of Spear Guns) Directives, 1986. The Litter Law, 1982 (Law 2 of 1982) St Lucia How to cite Azzzz, Papers

Legalizing Marijuana in California

Question: Discuss about the Legalizing Marijuana in California. Answer: Legalization of marijuana remains a good move for social justices as asserted by proponents. The pot prices are headed for a rise once the legalization is finalized and implemented. For a long time, laws on drugs have been utilized when arresting as well as incarcerating minorities at extremely exorbitant and upper rates than the whites. Additionally, validation of pot has occurred to be less dangerous than alcohol, as President himself put it categorically (Choo et al., 2014). Thus rather than establishing a black-market for these offenders, it is rational to impose tax on it besides subsequently regulated it to help individuals of California. In lieu of this, it is true that the main purpose for legalizing marijuana is to increase the revenues derived from taxation. These are sound as well as noble arguments. There is hence a need for people to vote Yes on Proposition 64, which is a measure that will legalize recreational marijuana for people above 21 years. The 15% taxation on the marijuana for recreational purposes under these measures shall enhance weeds price contrasted with that person who undertake to sell marijuana out of her apartment. The sales tax in certain portion of the law of LA County is already ten cents on the dollar. Therefore, if one is looking at a sheer price rise for ones organic harvest if one were to purchase it lawfully for frivolous use. Studies have shown that even the wholesale price base will probably upsurge, at least on interim magnitudes, in case voters legalize marijuana (Gieringer, Rosenthal Carter, 2008). As predicted by the released white paper, there will be an inevitable surge in the pot prices once the rules of Proposition 64 opens the door to the recreational retailers commencing in 2018. Following the Gold Rush: California, Cannabis and Election by data on marijuana price firm Cannabis Benchmarks examined at what occurred following the recreational ratification in Oregon, Washing and Colorado to make a deduction. In Oregon, the legalization was followed by an increasing weed prices in reaction to its ratification, plus a 200.0 dollar a pound point, to a price of 1,941.0 dollars, late previous year, as well as a 12% spike further in the current year, based on the said white paper. The 1st rise was due to dispensaries that were stocking up to allow them meet the surged demand; 2nd rise was a reaction to a supply tailback as rules and regulations compelled retailing group to purchase produce which had been established by the corresponding ascribed labs. The CEO of Cannabis Benchmarks, Jonathan Rubin explicated the various factors possible of increasing post-legalization prices in California. Compliance: Proposition 64 shall decree licences for the cultivators as well as venders, along with regulating packaging as well as labelling which all cost money and hence shifted to the prices. Stocking up: The dispensaries will have to engage in advance purchasing to ensure their respective shelves are adequately stocked on January 1, 2018, when, as the Proposition 64 has gone through, anybody with a heartbeat as well as an Identification Document validating they are twenty-one years or older can then move into these dispensaries and purchase pot. Demand: Since virtually everyone will be capable of buying the weed, demand is anticipated to surge. Advanced demand will denoted advanced prices of the legalized marijuana. Testing: Compulsory merchandise testing not solely decelerates the supply line thereby adding costs for the producers, yet it further implies that non-compliant product will be held and further destroyed. Fewer supply will denote higher or surged prices of the legali zed marijuana (Knopf, 2017). The above variables have accounted for price surges as witnessed in states which have already legalized the recreational marijuana. Nevertheless, the CEO further recognized that California is a distinct beast. Experts have also agreed that around one-eighty percent of the Americas weed emerges from the Golden State. Outdoor growers in this state have enormous capacity, and this could assist to alleviate certain price fluctuation. However, it is believed that consumers will still view higher-priced pot. In every commodity market, the final user is the person costs get passed on to. The surge might be interim, portion of a boom-bust cycle whereby entrepreneurs haste into an emerging market and subsequently create huge amounts of products and hence, much competition which makes the prices to level of sooner than anticipated. Where prices remain extremely high, more players are attracted, and the stiffness of competition rises, more supply, and in turn prices decline (McGinty et al., 2017). Longer-run prices will stabilize as the economic forces of demand and supply hit equilibrium. This scenario will afford the prevailing cultivators as well as early entrants the chance for optimizing their corresponding operations as well guarantee security of their competitive stances. Legalization Influence on Demand and Supply It is expected that the demand for marijuana will increase with the legalization. As has been witnessed in other states including Washington, Colorado and Oregon whereby marijuana use, sales and production are presently legalized, the demand have always gone up unlike place where use of pot is restrained and prohibited (New York State Medical Marijuana Program 2015). Over 70% of the demand for marijuana emerge from approximately thirty percent of its users in states where it is already legalized (Gourdet et al., 2017). For example, the demand for Marijuana from the users of 21 and older can be illustrated below: The price is down in Colarado. A single ounce sale in June 2014 averaged between $300 to $400 and in June 2015, it averaged between $250 and $300 and presently, the price ranges between $241.91 (high-quality) and $196.26 (medium quality) (Pacula, 2010). In Washington, the price plunged as can be seen by the diagram below indicating ratio of sales value to weight in dollars a gram: Given the above information, the bottom line for demand and supply can be illustrated. As has been witnessed in other states, it was a classic supply as well as demand and hence, California will never be an exemption. Since the number of retailers as well as cultivators will multiply, the supply and demand curves will shift rightwards as illustrated below: The 15% sales tax imposed by this measure on retail sales of marijuana alongside the cultivation tax of $9.25% per ounce of marijuana flowers as well as $2.75% per ounce of marijuana leaves substantially enable state government of California to collect a huge amount of tax revenue. This is so due to price elasticity of demand. The PED of marijuana is inelastic and, hence even with the interim anticipated rise in prices, many people will still buy (Cerd et al., 2017). This is coupled by the as at November 9, 2016, residents of California of 21 and older were permitted to own as much as an ounce of marijuana or eight grams of concentrated cannabis based on the California chapter of National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML). Further, the residents are permitted to grow as many as 6 plants a residence as well as owns the marijuana produced by such plants. These will ensure that by January 1, 2018, when the sales will be opened, the government will draw as much tax revenue as possible before the prices finally stabilize in the long run. The ushering of Marijuana will be seen as substitute to Tobacco products and hence it may reduce the consumption of Tobacco and hence lower tax revenue from Tobacco products. However, the government will still benefits as the tax revenue lost from Tobacco will be offset but increased consumption of recreational marijuana which will still get into the government coffers (Carnevale et al., (2017). Accordingly, the Proposition 64s envisioned fiscal influence is realistic. This is as mentioned above, the fiscal influence is to get more tax revenue from recreational Marijuana. This is exactly what will happen since besides people shifting from Tobacco to Marijuana, the uses of Marijuana in the black market will now cease to hide and consume it which will not be accounted for as tax revenue (Pacula, 2017)). References Carnevale, J. T., Kagan, R., Murphy, P. J., Esrick, J. (2017). A practical framework for regulating for-profit recreational marijuana in US States: Lessons from Colorado and Washington. International Journal of Drug Policy. Cerd, M., Wall, M., Feng, T., Keyes, K. M., Sarvet, A., Schulenberg, J., ... Hasin, D. S. (2017). Association of state recreational marijuana laws with adolescent marijuana use. JAMA pediatrics, 171(2), 142-149. Choo, E. K., Benz, M., Zaller, N., Warren, O., Rising, K. L., McConnell, K. J. (2014). The impact of state medical marijuana legislation on adolescent marijuana use. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(2), 160-166. Gieringer, D. H., Rosenthal, E., Carter, G. T. (2008). Marijuana medical handbook: Practical guide to the therapeutic uses of marijuana. Oakland, Calif: Quick American. Knopf, A. (2017). Marijuana legalization: What effect does it have on teens?. The Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter, 33(2), 1-7. McGinty, E. E., Niederdeppe, J., Heley, K., Barry, C. L. (2017). Public perceptions of arguments supporting and opposing recreational marijuana legalization. Preventive Medicine, 99, 80-86. New York State Medical Marijuana Program. (May 2015). Retrieved from: https://www.health.ny.gov/regulations/medical_marijuana/ Pacula, R. L. (2010). Examining the Impact of Marijuana Legalization on Marijuana Consumption. Pacula, R. L. (2017). Regulating Medical Marijuana Markets. Gourdet, C., Giombi, K. C., Kosa, K., Wiley, J., Cates, S. (2017). How four US states are regulating recreational marijuana edibles. International Journal of Drug Policy, 43, 83-90.

Visual Essentialism and the Object of Visual Culture

No other topic has recently attracted the world’s attention like Visual Culture and this is due to the force at which visuals or pictures are getting into the market (Bryson 2003).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Visual Essentialism and the Object of Visual Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Scholars have staged heated debates on whether visual culture should be an independent discipline in humanities or not. This paper provides a summary of Bal’s article `Visual Essentialism and the Object of Visual Culture’ and subsequently a critique on the chapter â€Å"visual culture†. The paper concludes that time has come for visual culture to be accorded independence and be handled in lecture halls as a discipline. The analysis focuses on the author’s failure to take sides hence giving other scholars to come in and discuss the topic in discussion. It is the views of thes e other scholars that are used to support the paper’s thesis that visual culture should be a discipline. The article kicks off by the author introducing the reader to her thought on the subject of visual culture as a discipline. The article goes on to argue that classifying visual culture as a distinct discipline is like to mix up religion with theology whereby religion is the ‘field’ while theology is its ‘dogmatic intellectual circumscription’(p.2) The article continues to extract that it will be difficult to try to study visual culture using the methodology of an existing discipline because its object can not be studied under the paradigms of any other existing discipline. Before scholars undertook to investigating the fate of the discipline, Bal proposes that visual culture largely require drawing from alternative disciplines that have established themselves well into the field of academics for example; anthropology, psychology and sociology. She continued to argue that there could be compliance that visual culture is a discipline by the fact that it claims a specific object and raises questions about it. Bal concludes her introduction by proposing that visual culture studies be initially treated as a ‘movement’ that can fail to propel and harm no one or succeed at its own advantage or failure. The article presents visual culture studies as a ‘polemical’ issue if taken at face value (p.3) In the part ‘The Impact of Visuality against Objects’ the article discovers that Culture, like visuality faces the difficulty of definition. Here the author argues that understanding culture depends on the way the word culture is used.Advertising Looking for critical writing on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is because the word culture, like many other linguistic terms, derives its meaning from the context of use and this makes it hard to grasp its objective meaning at a particular time. In the part ‘The Death of Culture’ the article emphasizes that culture also is tied by ‘visuality’s many tentacles’ (p. 17). The author therefore declares culture as a dead thing as she puts; â€Å"in making the ‘singular universal’ and making the ‘plural homogenous’, culture loses its existence† (p. 18). In the part ‘Visual Culture’ the article is for the idea that a fate awaits culture because no scholar has ever defined it completely including Raymond Williams (1976). It is clearly stated that the word culture can be useful and misleading at the same time. This part centers its argument in the fact that the problem with the object is its attempt to explain what culture is. The author goes on to argue that visual culture is driven by aim of focusing on questions. The next part is duped ‘The Objectives of Visual Culture Studiesâ₠¬â„¢ which analyses the aims and goal of visual culture studies. First, the part highlights that visual culture can be understood better when it is separated from art history and its methods of analysis. In this regard Hobsbawn (1990) prescribes that, Visual culture must start by exploring and explaining the link between itself and naturalism as seen in museum, schools, histories and discourses of imperialism and racism. The last part of the article, ‘The Question of Method’ sums it up that the goal of visual culture studies must be derived from ‘its object’ and the methods that suits performing the tasks must be clearly drawn. The author in this concluding part argues that methods must be separated from the objects and the goals. From the article, it is clear that, Bal attempted to foretell the possible future of visual culture as an area of study, but she did not come out clearly whether visual culture should be a discipline but preferred leaving it open for other scholars to discuss. At this point let us look keenly on the chapter headed ‘Visual Culture’ where my argument, like the views of many others, is that visual culture studies ought to be launched as a distinct discipline. Firstly visual culture has had an abrupt surge into the discourses of humanity and requires investigation. There is need therefore to reflect on what factors might enhance it or otherwise block it from becoming (Bryson 2003). The chapter ‘visual culture’ starts with an authoritative prescription that goals and methods of visual culture studies must â€Å"seriously engage both terms in their negativity that is: ‘visual’ as impure, discursive and pragmatic while ‘culture’ as shifting, differential located between ‘zones of culture’ and performed in practices of power and resistance† (p. 19). Therefore it is clear from the author’s argument that the terms visual and culture must be analyzed separately before they are integrated into a discipline of study.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Visual Essentialism and the Object of Visual Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The chapter continues to enlist that the differentiation between the high and mass culture should be subjected to test and finally dismissed as merely political. However the author is quick to warn that this abandoning could lead to losing a fundamental tool of analysis. It goes on to defend that this differentiation is what should be the primary object of visual culture studies (p.19). Further the author provides an insight that cultural studies have been responsible for opening up the disciplinary structure of the humanities. It has however, as an interdiscipline, suffered difficulties with all of its enquiries and as a result it always defies the boundaries of humanities leading to the heated intellectual de bate about its position. There is however one major drawback of visual culture that the author identifies in this chapter; that its object (what you study) has changed but the method (how you do the study) has remained static (p.20). This lack of methodology is the only limitation that visual culture has to contend with because it completely denies it persuasive analysis. However visual culture today has an uncontrollable upsurge and if we put bottlenecks before it development, we may end up losing in the game. Presently, the field has become too common through new technologies like print media, electronic media among others. Images are not only socially unavoidable but are also part and parcel of economic mainstreams (Hobsbawn 1990). Today, without pictures (visual), whether canonical or your own, you are like one without sight. It is difficult to imagine a magazine without illustrations, books without images for that would portend life without meaning-an innocent life, blind life. There is a great proliferation of images elsewhere, everywhere and images are no longer escapable in life where all media be it electronic ( television, cinema, internet et cetera) or print ( newspapers, magazines and books) all pump images into the social stage (Bryson 2003) oblivious of the where about of the targeted clientele. And the article reinforces this clearly thus, â€Å"because seeing is an act of interpreting, interpretation can influence ways of seeing, hence, of imagining possibilities of change† (p. 21); visual culture has few steps to becoming an independent discipline.Advertising Looking for critical writing on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is in this understanding that the paper analyses that pictures today are all over and people earn money from the technologies involved, for example in movie industry with even futuristic animated technology like that of blockbusters as avatar all over the world. Magazines cannot sell without the relevant images; commercial models are used to advertise for goods and services in commerce. Visuals therefore have not only become relevant in museums but have had huge influence in all scores of life, political, social economic, aesthetics et cetera. Therefore my view is that, when a phenomena overwhelms the social control with such impunity as visual culture, the best action is to investigate how, why, where, and what next. In this sense the author is right to advise that visual culture should be investigated thoroughly in order to give it a just destiny in our area of studies. The emergence of visual culture as a deserving area of enquiry is deeply rooted in real social processes that are here to stay whatever form it takes in future (Bryson 2003). The proliferation of images today in both production and circulation of visuals is so common in a way that cannot be overlooked (Bryson 2003). Although visual culture is denoted as new by some people, it is not considering that visual culture studies have been there under other disciplines. The traditional art tactic is no longer useful as technology has made it easy to come up with visuals through designing not curving out or assembling natural objects. Software of advanced sophistication is all over and that makes it possible to design visuals, which never was, at a greater speed, efficiency and quality, rightly fitted to a theme. The concept of visual culture therefore badly requires recognition as a discipline within humanities. The chapter also lists that visual culture â€Å"It examines the act of seeing as a product of the tensions between external images or objects, and internal thought processes† (p.19 ) Bal left it at a point where she did not declare her stand and she is categorical that, â€Å"This is why I am reluctant to declare visual culture a branch of cultural studies (p.20). The author here defends her stand by stating that visual culture definition is controversial and each side in the dissenting views has a worthy point to defend. However as a fact of today’s experience designing and stylization need to be taught in class and the art of interpretation professionalized. In the chapter Bal fears that if visual culture is endorsed as a discipline, those who do so might suffer disillusionment should it cease to exist but our experience has it that the visuals are so deeply entrenched into the lives of people that it would be hard for visual study to die off instead, there is thirsty grounds for the discipline that just require to be watered and the discipline will blossom and bear fruits never to be shaken off by seasons. The object of visual culture should be soug ht first in order for us to decide whether visual culture is a discipline or cast it into its former position where it has suffered a Cinderella treatment. The chapter also analyses that if the object domain is visually categorized subject to certain assumptions, approaches and techniques and if it is organized and can be analyzed, then visual culture is undoubtedly a discipline. It es true that visual culture should concentrate some effort on discovering the forces that makes visual essentialism zero its interest in visual culture. This way the subject will qualify to be an independent discipline. In the attempt to understand the ‘object’ Hooper-Greenhill (1989, p.104) says an object is a thing which guides feeling, action and thought. Bal (2003) goes on to argue that visuality is impure because it is itself the act of looking directed to any object that inheres the object domain. Therefore here Hooper-Greenhill agrees with Bal that there can be nothing like visuality without the object. In the same argument the object has to be made first according to Mitchell (2003), who analyses Bal’s article. Mitchell argues that Bal’s phobia in defining an object rather than making it is oscillatory because even the making she proposes is just a process leading to the end definition. Every act of creativity is an act of definition, a process of coming up with a definite identity out of an array of alternatives (Mitchell 2003). Mitchell supports the idea that visual culture is a combination of things brought together and thus visual culture studies must encapsulate such areas as popular culture and media which are as dynamic to capture at a particular time as fast moving jet. These areas, in addition, include non artistic, visual representation, scientific imaging, technical imaging and social acts of seeing and being active in the process, commercial media et cetera (Mitchell 2003). Generally the idea that visual culture must first of all speci fy its object of research in outlining the objective of visual culture require some consideration. The following objects among others are listed to support this point: that visual culture studies must analyze critical points and the way to visual culture and bring down their long established persistence. This is where it must deal with the aim of where visual nature meets with the process and the practices that establishes a given culture (Mirzoeff 1999). This means further that visual culture must separate itself from art history and its method of inquiry. Visual culture therefore must examine the driving force behind realism that inspires its political interest through portrait display. In this ‘cult’ artistic ‘quality’ overshadows faithful representation of the achiever which should be the end (Barlow 1994, p.518). Putting the object before everything else misleads the goal where understanding should come first followed by perception that guides it. Howe ver whatever visual culture is, it is challenging to come up with its definition without referring to visual nature (Mitchell 2003). This is because visuality is made up of many things for example automatic and will reflexes and learnt ones, programmed and freely chosen (Mitchell 2003). Against the author’s proposition of treating visual culture initially as a movement, the above analysis proves that visual culture is a safe ground and we can fearlessly and confidently put our hands into it and come up with successes. However with the innocence of the eye, we should not just walk upright into that decision, we need to tip toe so as to take the foot off when we foresee a soft ground. Visual culture therefore asserts itself in a basket that may be referred to as visuality. The development of images that probes for search of a specific placement, for them is proof enough that something has to be done. The response is the kind of influence visual culture has in the daily life. Th e article treats this discussion with such delicate arms to avoid being left with blame marks should the idea proposed sells, succeeds and fail later. With all this analysis, it is therefore worthy to conclude that visual culture requires special consideration and ought to be taken as a discipline. With all the images I see around that require my attention and earning life for somebody but me, it makes sense to capture whatever skill that produced them as a discipline. That way visual culture will be professionalized after centuries of suffering under other disciplines. If it hadn’t then time has come and it has grown too much to fit in its usual outfit. List of References Bal, M. (2003) Visual Essentialism and the Object of Visual Culture, London: Thousand oaks. Barlow, P. (1994) ‘The Imagined Hero as Incarnate Sign: Thomas Carlyle and the Mythology of the â€Å"National Portrait† in Victorian Britain’, Art History, vol.17, no.4, pp.517-45. Bryson, N. (20 03) Visual culture and the dearth of images, London: Macmillan. Hobsbawm, E.J. (1990) Nations and Nationalism since 1870: Programme, Myth, Reality, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hooper-Greenhill, E. (1989) ‘The Museum in the Disciplinary Society’, in: S. Pearce, ed. Museum Studies in Material Culture, London: Leicester University Press, pp.61-72. Mirzoeff, N. (1999) Introduction to Visual Culture, London: Routledge. Mitchell, W.J.T. (2003) ‘Showing Seeing: A Critique of Visual Culture’, Journal of visual culture, vol.1, no. 3, pp.165-83. Williams, R. (1976). Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society, New York: Oxford University Press. This critical writing on Visual Essentialism and the Object of Visual Culture was written and submitted by user Billy Romero to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.